
Aging and vitamin D are closely linked, and research continues to show how important this nutrient is for maintaining health as we get older. Vitamin D is often called the “sunshine vitamin” because our bodies produce it when exposed to sunlight. However, as we age, several factors make it harder to maintain healthy vitamin D levels.
- Reduced Production with Age
Older adults produce less vitamin D in the skin when exposed to the same amount of sunlight as younger people. This is due to a natural decline in the skin’s ability to synthesize vitamin D, meaning even regular time outdoors might not be enough to keep levels optimal.
- Bone and Muscle Health
Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and maintaining strong bones. As we age, the risk of osteoporosis, fractures, and falls increases. Low vitamin D levels are associated with muscle weakness and impaired balance, both of which can raise the risk of falls. Supplementing with vitamin D — often along with calcium — has been shown to improve bone density and lower fracture risk in older adults.
- Immune Support
Aging naturally weakens the immune system (a process called immunosenescence), making older adults more vulnerable to infections. Vitamin D supports immune function and may help reduce the risk of respiratory infections and chronic inflammation, which are more common with age.
- Mood and Cognitive Function
Vitamin D receptors are present in the brain, and low levels have been linked to a greater risk of depression and cognitive decline. Maintaining healthy vitamin D levels may support better mood regulation and brain health in later life, though more research is needed to confirm its role in preventing dementia.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
Some studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency in older adults is associated with higher risks of hypertension, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. While it’s not yet clear if supplementation directly lowers these risks, having sufficient vitamin D appears to support overall metabolic health.
- Practical Considerations
Because sunlight alone may not be enough, many older adults benefit from dietary sources (fatty fish, fortified dairy, eggs) or supplements. Blood tests can help determine whether supplementation is needed. The recommended daily intake for adults over 70 is typically 800 IU (20 mcg), but some individuals may require higher doses under medical supervision to reach optimal levels.